Awareness on the Effects of Malnutrition

The primary purpose of making the children conscious about nutrition is to provide conditions for and to promote the continuous growth of the individual in all areas of living, with a view of achieving and maintaining the democratic way of life. There must be a relationship between food and the health of the individual, which tends to influence the health of the society in which he lives in. It has been said that nutrition is a science concerned with the movements of atoms in man to the movements of man in society. Because of the tremendous population explosion the supply of food for all people of the world is indeed becoming more critical every year. As a nutrition educator, we have that moral obligation to help the nutrition of every individual; for improved nutrition is one factor involved in paving the way towards peace among men. The nutritional status of our communities is a reflection of our individual nutritional health. Perhaps the most significant factor affecting the nutritional status of communities is economics. Having sufficient funds to purchase adequate food supplies is a necessity. Malnutrition is one of the major problems that our country is facing. This problem can’t be set aside. This won’t choose any victim. It may affect adults but mostly, it affects the youth. Through this thesis, the writer may acquire knowledge about the problem, its effects to mankind and some of the factors that will lead to such a problem. Being a practitioner to be, I cannot afford to see mankind suffering from malnutrition because of lack of knowledge about proper nutrition and the lack of resources especially the youth. Because for me, I consider the children as the hope of our country. How can there be hope if they are destroyed by ignorance about proper nutrition resulting to malnutrition? Therefore, I choose this topic for my research because I want to know the condition of those children; on how conscious they are regarding proper nutrition on their selves to possibly eliminate malnutrition. I want to share my little knowledge about proper nutrition to the children and how to improve their health status by educating them through discussions. Because hrough this, I can be aware of the health status of the children in the area. This research will also serve as an awakening bomb to the government and health officials and that should not be rejected. In our country, Malnutrition is a major problem. But according to the latest National Nutrition Surveys, there has been a general improvement between 2003-2008 in the country’s overall nutrition situation, affecting various population groups, as evidenced specifically by reductions in underweight and stunting among 0-5 and 6-10 years old children. Most of the Filipinos nowadays are3 aware of their health but only a few are applying proper nutrition on the daily living. Theoretical Background of the Study Malnutrition is a state that adversely affects growth and development of body functions as a result of either an inadequate or overabundant supply of kilocalories or nutrients to the body tissue. According to Walter Falcon, head of the Food Research Institute of Stanford University(1984:577), â€Å" It might focus more attention on Africa where the most serious hunger exists rather than on southeast Asia. But if only 100 million individuals are clinically malnourished; there probably another 200 million to 400 million that go hungry part of the time. If they’re not in the hospital, they’re not doing too well† According to Mary Alice Caliendo(1984:526)† Malnutrition and nutritional deprivation are basically problems of poverty of unequal and inequitable income distribution not only among individuals but among countries. Malnutrition won’t disappear by simply producing more food or by raising the overall economic levels of poor nations. According to Eleanor R. Williams(1984:513) â€Å"Human brains do not live by bread alone† Malnutrition causes children to become listless and pathetic. According to Thomas Polemar, an agricultural economist(1984:515) â€Å"The number of people estimated to be suffering from malnutrition ranges from 400 million to two thirds of the world population†. In his view, food production in developing countries tends to be understand because taxation is often based on production and because so much backyard production is locally consumed and never counted. On the other hand, other authorities insist that much hunger especially in remote rural areas is inadequately reported. Larry Minear of the Interreligious Task Force on United States Policy told an interviewer recently that, â€Å"Malnutrition is understated because there a lot of people who don’t show up in the planning nets either because the census are bad or because they are not in the market economy and their inability to purchase food isn’t measured. If enough food is to be produced to feed the world, a number of resources such as land, water, energy, fertilizer and technology must be available and widely used. According to Margaret Newman,(www. googlesearch. com), â€Å"the theory of health as expanding consciousness was stimulated by concern for those for whom health as the absence of disease or disability is not possible†. The theory has progressed to include the health of all persons regardless of their health status. The theory asserts that every person in every situation, no matter show disordered and hopeless it may seem, is part of the universal process of expanding consciousness. A process of becoming more oneself, finds greater meaning in life, and of reaching new dimensions of connectedness with other people and world. The theory of health as expanding consciousness stems from Roger’s theory of unitary human beings. Rogers’ assumptions regarding patterning of persons in interaction with the environment are basic to the view that consciousness is a manifestation of an evolving pattern of person to environment interaction. Consciousness is defined as the informational capacity of the system(in this case, the human being); that is, the ability of the system to interact with the environment. Consciousness includes not only the cognitive and affective awarenessnormannly associated with consciousness, but also the interconnectedness of the entire living system, which includes physiochemical maintenance and growth processes as well as the immune system. This patter of information, which is the consciousness of the system, ios part of a larger undivided pattern of an expanding universe. , Rogers’ insistence that health and illness are simply manifestations of the rhythmic fluctuations of the life process is the foundation for viewing health and illness as a unitary process moving through variations in order – disorder. ’ According to Joyce Fitzpatrick,(www. googlesearch. com) â€Å"The primary purpose of nursing is the promotions and maintenance of an optimal level of wellness†. the professional nurse participates in a multi-disciplinary approach to health in assessing, planning, implementing, and evaluating programs in regards to how they affect optimum wellness. When assessing health care needs the professional nurse incorporates the physical, psychological, emotional, social, environmental and spiritual aspects of the profession into her daily routine. Person-the tem integrates the concepts of both self and others and recognizes individuals as having unique biological, psychological, emotional, social, cultural and spiritual attitudes. They thrive on honor and dignity, self-evaluation and growth and development. Throughout a person’s life, many factors develop within a social setting and interact with a multitude of environments that can significantly influence that person’s health bad wellness. Health – is a dynamic state of being that results from the interaction of person and the environment. Optimum health is the actualization of both innate and obtained human potential gleaned from rewarding relationships with other, goal directed behaviors and expertise. Wellness-Illness- is rooted in the promotion of wellness practices, the attentive treatment of those who are acutely or chronically ill or dying, and restorative care or people during convalescence. Metaparadigm – derived from and related to the basic metaparadigm concepts of person, environment, health and nursing. while much of the research in nursing has been focused on assisting individuals in their life transitions, whether through phases of growth and development, or experiences with health and illness, the conceptualizations of the nursing profession as focused on transitions has not been adequately researched.

Porn Addiction: Causes And Effects Essay

Porn addiction is one of the current problems brought about by the advancement in the information technology sector. Like other addictions, addiction to porn exhibits some common signs and follow a similar pattern as other addiction to substances and drugs. Addiction to pornography can be seen when one spends more time engrossed with a pornographic material to a point of neglecting important people like family or friends. After these moments, the person may also exhibit â€Å"mixed feelings of well being and guilt† because they have to lie about the time they’ve spent looking at or reading the material (Help Guide). The addict may also exhibit anxiety and depression when unable to access the material or might generally be irritable when their time to find complete sexual pleasure is interrupted or shortened. At times when the addiction becomes too serious the addict may experience hardships at the work place or in school because of frustration or may start misusing money by buying more porn materials or gambling and further much worse start engaging in flings with unknown people to satisfy new sexual fantasies. (Help guide) pornography in the current age has become harder to control and hard to censure. The internet which is relied upon by millions of people for information and telecommunications has played a big role in spreading pornography to people of all ages. Given its simple accessibility and fairly liberal use in many countries, any person with the knowledge of using a computer can access pornographic material on the internet at any time. According researchers to Internet pornography is the new crack cocaine, meaning that it is a highly addictive leading to undesirable characters â€Å"such as, misogyny, pedophilia, boob jobs and erectile dysfunction†, Singel (2004). The fact that the internet allows one to access numerous sites anonymously makes it ideal for porn viewing to become a habit. To make it worse even children as young as 7 yrs old have been known to access porn from the internet. Pornography is hard to delete from the mind one an addiction sets in. compared to cocaine addicts, the porn addict has a difficult time â€Å"†¦recovering from their addiction than cocaine addict†¦ since coke users can get the drug out of their system, but pornographic images stay in the brain forever†¦Ã¢â‚¬  because the chemicals released in the body are what heroin and other substance users really aim for but never achieve; thus it is hard for anyone who is an addict to ever fully recover (Singel, 2004). The internet presents the largest challenge in the fight against porn and addictions. About 5 years ago over 1. 3 million porn sites and more than 260 million pages, making it one of the most profitable industries in the United States. In 2006 the industry raked 13. 3 billion dollars in the United States alone and more than 97 million dollars in the web. According to statistics form the internet filter review more than 72 million users accessed adult sites each month (Statistics on pornography). According to Statistics from Divorcewizards. com â€Å"At a 2003 meeting of the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers, two thirds of the 350 divorce lawyers who attended â€Å", had been divorced and they blamed the internet as a major cause of break in the marriage among the cases they pointed out, porn contributed to more than half of the reasons given. (Statistics on pornography). Other effects the computer had on the individual were carpal syndrome and dry eyes especially those who access porn on the internet while seated; headaches and sleep disturbance; eating irregularities among other issues. The underlying causes for the development of addiction could be mental illness relationship problems and /or substance abuse. According to experts there was a big connection between people who used substances and hard drugs and porn addiction. In other instances such as the church, many pastors admitted that they had either been tempted or had actually been accessing porn thorough the net even when they knew this was a sin. They also admitted that pornography was always an issue when it came to the congregation and the clergy alike such that a survey revealed that more than 30% of the clergy men in the past 8 years have visited the pornographic sites in and majority of them a couple of times. ( Statistics on pornography) It was also discovered according to Focus on the Family Poll carried out in October 2003, that at least 47% percent of families indicated that they hard experienced problems at home because of pornography especially with the children and adolescents. According to London school of economics, children who were aged between the ages 8 to16 were much more likely to have viewed pornography within their home setting. This was supported by figures which showed that 9 out of 10 children within the specified age bracket had accidentally viewed porn on the internet in computers they use at home together with their families. Also important is the fact that 1 out of every 7 children who frequently used the internet had been sexually solicited; a realization that sex predators had started using the internet to lure kids. Indeed, according to the journal of Adolescent health 76% of victims in the internet initiated sexual exploitation case fell between the ages 13 to 15 and mostly girls. In most of these cases the children were led into sexual encounters which were mostly forced. The coarse language and sexually overt material that the internet and other media, displayed became a matter of concern for the government in 1996 where the United states department of justice noted the â€Å"Never before in the history of telecommunications media in the United States has so much indecent (and obscene) material been so easily accessible by so many minors in so many American homes with so few restrictions†(statistics on pornography). A leading psychologist Dr. James Dobson explains that â€Å"pornography addiction causes a person to become desensitized to the material,† making one develop boredom or lack of interest in what was once appealing. This is also followed by fantastic imaginations of the victim playing different roles in different scenes; begins to treat serious relationships casually and shows solitary tendency preferring to spend a lot of time privately. Dr. Dobson demonstrates how porn addicts unable to be satisfied by their partners decide to seek their fantasies and this leads to serious problems in marriage and even divorce. Cyber sex seems to have taken the place of relational sex because in majority of the patients he was attending to, 68 % had been hooked up to cyber sex did not have relational sex. Usually, as was testified by some of his patients, the individual beginning the habit does not realize it’s an addiction until they try to stop and they can’t. The thing becomes bigger than the individual hence it alienates him from his family and friends. (Gabriel Lefrancois, 2008). Defenders of pornography have put forward arguments that pornography in itself is not harmful, and therefore Banning or regulating it is unfair. Basing their argument on the Presidential Commission on Obscenity and Pornography, 1970, they reject the apparent relationship between exposure pornographic material and the resulting behavior. However over the years many researches have conclusively shown there is a significant relationship between conditioning and human behavior. Psychologists at the Wisconsin University found that â€Å"brief exposure to violent forms of pornography can lead to anti-social attitudes and behavior. Male viewers tend to be more aggressive towards women, less responsive to pain and suffering of rape victims, and more willing to accept various myths about rape†. The psychologists showed that continued exposure to such materials made people insensitive to rape as a criminal offense thereby changing their attitude attitudes toward women in particular the way they viewed and treated women (Documented Effects of Porn). In addition, increased exposure to the materials also created an unusual desire for violent sex, conflict and suffering deviant behavior like abuse as well as molestation and pedophilias. Sociologists such as Murray Straus and Larry Baron of University of New Hampshire found out that rape increased exponentially with rates of high sales of sexually laden magazines. This was also confirmed by experiments carried out to show that exposure to violent and no violent pornography over some time yielded different results. Exposure to non- violent pornography made the subjects in the research very accommodating and understanding of women and they tended to be much gentler with them, however exposure to violent pornography gave the opposite results proving that ‘exposure to violent pornography, even after provocation , produced essentially no antiwoman aggression, fantasies, or attitudes†( American Psychological Association). A University of Texas Professor Robert Jensen in 2008, showed how attitudes expressed in porn spread from the California valley where the porn films were made â€Å"†¦to the bedrooms of real people in real places,† Jensen explained how this permeating effect of pornography was harmful due to racial undertones it carried which to a larger extent have continued to a main feature of television programs. He argued that porn expressed the desire by woman to be mistreated and the right of men to do so. He finally conclude that in order to tackle individual and societal harms produced by porn, we must acknowledge a moral quality to our relationships with one another and must come to a consensus on what the â€Å"limits of the sexual experience are. † (Kalloch Andrew, 2009) Pornography is very much in the public domain. In the US for instance, almost all theatres show x- rated films; almost every book or video store offer porn materials and most of the movies shown on box office which have sexually exploitive material rake in about 50 million dollars each year. Pamela Paul, a writer notes that â€Å"often pornography use ruins relationships, increases sexual dysfunction, and changes what men expect from women†. She reveals how a person who thinks it is harmless, found out that the moment they got used to pornography, their sex lives changed. They lost the human form of sex and adopted the computerized one. She explains how before the advent of the internet men and women alike used to see porn from time to time but the internet has made it so easy and so harmless that one cannot see when they are slipping in to addiction until it is too late. I fact most of them are usually happy and in complete denial that they are addicted until their marriages or jobs are lost (Paul Pamela, 2005) Though it is evident that the causes of porn addiction may be very few and subtle. The fact that we rely on the internet to communicate and do most of our work puts us in the direct pipeline of pornographic materials available. It is only our curiosity which separates us from clicking the button and accessing millions of materials filled with porn. Like some of the critics have shown, it might be very hard to take the experiments by the psychologists as conclusive because they do not take into account the fact that addicts seek out porn materials by themselves even before the addiction actually sets in and therefore the action by the psychologists in the experiments to give or expose the subjects to pornographic materials in order to observe change in behavior is absurd. The part which makes porn addictive is when it is sought by the person themselves. This trains and conditions the mind such that the body is always guided by the mind to imagine and seek the object of imagination as opposed to merely being given a specific material. Explaining further, there are other sexually stimulating materials which may not be considered stimulating in the general sense of the word for instance wearing boots or uniform of a certain kind. They may be appealing to some people and not elicit any feeling in others. It is therefore the responsibility of the individual to make a choice of weather to avoid visiting porn websites all together in order to have a healthy relationship or to pop in once in a while and risk getting addicted. The choice is yours. References A Help Guide: Internet porn and cyber sex addiction http://www. helpguide. org/mental/internet_cybersex_addiction. htm [Accessed 24th April 2009 Documented effects of pornography http://www. forerunner. com/forerunner/X0388_Effects_of_Pornograp. html [Accessed 24th April 2009] Kalloch Andrews (2009) Texas professor decries porn permeating media: Harvard law record http://media. www. hlrecord. org/media/storage/paper609/news/2009/04/16/News/Texas. Prof. Decries. Porns. Permeating. Effect-3712817. shtml [Accessed 24th April 2009] Lefrancois Gabriel (2008) Online porn addiction, Hitched Magazine [Online] http://www. hitchedmag. com/article. php? id=134 [Accessed 24 April 2009] Paul, Pamela (2005) How porn destroys lives, belief net 2005 http://www. beliefnet. com/News/2005/10/How-Porn-Destroys-Lives. aspx [Accessed 24th April 2009 Ryan Singel, (2004), Internet porn, worse than crack? http://www. wired. com/science/discoveries/news/2004/11/65772 [Accessed 24th April] 2009] Statistics on Pornography, sexual addiction and online perpetrators, http://www. safefamilies. org/sfStats. php [Accessed 24th April 2009] Studies on effects of pornography, Data from PsycLIT Database – American Psychological Association. http://www. netspeed. com. au/ttguy/refs2. htm [Accessed 24th April 2009]

Commonly known

Electronic commerce which Is commonly known as E-commerce or E-business Is a modern concept of doing business. In layman's language, It Is the buying and selling of products and services over electronic systems which mainly comprises of Internet. In this form of business the payment for goods and services is also done electronically I. E. By using credit cards. This concept has reached its maturity in developed countries like the united States of America and united Kingdom, but it is still new for emerging economies of developing countries like Pakistan, India, andEgypt etc. E-commerce is mainly considered to be limited to the sales aspect of the business, but it also entails the exchange of data and payment aspect of the transaction. 1. 2 Types of E-commerce: E-commerce Is mainly divided into the following types: 1. 2. 1 Business-to-Business (BOB): The BOB transactions are taking place between business concerns I. E. Manufacturers, wholesalers, suppliers, distributors. Applications of e-commerce for BOB not only Involve efficient trading but also encompasses myriad of activities like forecasting of customer demand, flow of the needed information among concerned parties, etc.Transactions with ultimate consumers by manufacturers, middlemen, etc. Are however excluded from the area of BOB. 1. 2. 2 Business-to-consumer (BBC): BBC advert to a business transaction taking place between a manufacturer, or retailer on the one hand, and an ultimate consumer for non-business use, on the other hand. Opening an online store is not a big investment today for a SEEM. In developed countries retailers are selling wide range of products and services over the net.They consider web site as a major part of the promotional and advertising campaign along with the use of other tools such as advertising directories, newspaper advertising ND signage. A number of advantages accrue to both the retailers and consumers, Included among them are; Shopping can be faster and more convenient; re tailers get access to larger customer base: retailers can make approach not only to national but also to international customers; and incur lesser running cost than physical stores. There are also some challenges that are faced in e-commerce in using its BBC model.The two major hurdles that come across BBC e-commerce are, firstly, bringing and making large number of customers to buy online, and secondly, to make a customer loyal to your online store for a longer period of time. Small retailers mainly find it difficult to maintain their competitiveness due to the rapid changes taking place in technology, changing customer preferences and maintaining lower prices. Generally online customers are more price-conscious and are easily tempted by slightly lesser price, which makes It more difficult for retailers to retain online customers. . 2. 3 Business-to-Employees (BEE): BEE e-commerce generally refers to ordering for supplies by employees which they use in their jobs, but this concept has now really grown and includes much more. For very easily by using BEE e-commerce. These orders are completely electronic in tauter and supervisors are asked to approve these orders Just to monitor that employee does not exceeds its order limit. BEE allow the employee to access their own records in order to update address information, and maintain their internal resume.A major benefit that companies have got by adopting BEE technologies is that it has dramatically reduced the administrative cost and has also lowered the burden of human resources department for maintaining employees' information and records. 1. 2. 4 Consumer-to-Business (CB): CB e-commerce refers to a setting in which consumers decide what they want to ay, and the vendors decide whether, or not to accept the consumer ‘s bid. The following is an example of CB. A person wants to fly from Appeaser to Karachi, but has only RSI. 8000 in the bank account to make the payment for this round- trip.He advertises on an Internet CB site, looking for airlines that are offering this round trip for RSI. 8000, or less. The main feature of the Internet here is that it creates a segment of customers with specific need of services in which a number of airliners will be interested in offering those services. 1. 2. 5 Consumer-to-consumer (ICC): ICC e-commerce refers to a setting where consumers among themselves buy and sell goods. The most popular example of ICC e-commerce is â€Å"e-bay', it is a website which brings a large number of people from all over America and I-J, provide them a platform where they can auction their personal belongings.This concept has also been adopted in Pakistan. Most popular example from Pakistan would be â€Å"Passels. Com† where cars are being auctioned by their owners, and are purchased by other consumers. ICC e-commerce has its own advantages, including the following are some: access to broader market, no intermediary is involved, convenient or buyers to search the product they are looking for with the required specifications. Other than five major types of e-commerce, the following are the names of some not so popular types of e?commerce which are not meant for commercial use.Government-to-Government (EGG), Government-to-Employee (GEE), Government-to- Business (BOB), Business-to-Government (826), Government-to-citizen (EGG), Citizen- to-Government (COG), are amongst these modes of commerce. These modes are mainly used for administrative work such as registrations to licenses renewal, filing taxes to businesses, etc. This research is mainly related to Business to Consumer (BBC) e-commerce which is commonly known as E-tailing or virtual storefront.So before proceeding forward in the report it would be better to first explain E-tailing briefly and review its history. 1. 3 E-Tailing: E-tailing (electronic retailing) is the selling of consumer products on the net, examples of goods commonly transacted includes books, garments, games, fashion acce ssories, etc. The idea of E-tailing was one of the talked about topic, whenever discussions related to internet took place among economists, analysts and entrepreneurs back in the year 1995. E-tailing is synonymous with business-to- consumer (BBC) transaction.E-tailing began to work for some big companies and some Seems in America in the year 1997 when Dell Computer reported that multimillion dollar orders were taken at its Web site. In the same year Barnes and Nobles e-tail site was launched. This website was launched in haste after watching e-tail site was opened on the same footings as that of Amazon. In the year 1997 many companies biblically announced their achievements they had made in their e-tailing business, for example sale of the millionth car over the web by Auto-By-Tell, and Nielsen Media's recorded 10 million people purchasing goods on the Web in the same year.Growing popularity of e-tailing resulted in the development of software programs that were used for creating o nline catalogs, and also had management tools that will help businesses that are operating on the internet. 1. 4 Key drivers of E-tailing: Different key drivers of E-tailing are identified by many researchers over the years because the understanding of these key factors, E-tailing trends in different countries can easily be analyzed. The following are some of the main key drivers that are generally discussed by many writers and researchers.

Graduation Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Graduation Speech - Essay Example Effective planning is my greatest strength, and the one I shall rely on to manage my time and complete the MBA successfully at the university. My knowledge of elements of effective planning and experience in implementing the elements establishes the strength. I will particularly rely on advice from friends who have completed MBA programs and from the institution’s faculty for knowledge on scope of the program. I will then analyze anticipated learning environment and identify my specific needs for the MBA. I will then identify motivation factors and be strategic in my planning for the program, based Cowher and Dickson’s concept of effective planning (2009). I will develop a grand plan and mini plans for every course unit. I will use my MBA, after graduating, for long term and short term objectives. The immediate application of the qualification will be to secure a job that will help me gain professional experience and develop my career. Long-term applications will be establishment and management of my private consultancy firm, and attainment of a social position that will help me engage in social responsibility. These will also have positive effects on the university’s image, as a stakeholder to social responsibility through efforts of its