Assignment 4 Merger Acquisition And International...

Assignment 4: Merger, Acquisition, and International Strategies Rhonda Naldo BUS 499- Business Administration Capstone Professor Clayton Sinclair III May 25, 2015 Merger, Acquisition, and International Strategies This research paper will analyze the acquisition and merger of Pixar by Disney. It will evaluate the strategy that led to the merger and acquisition, and will determine whether or not this merger was a wise choice. This paper will also discuss Target Corporation since it has not been involved in any mergers or acquisitions. It will analyze how Best Buy would be a profitable candidate for Target to acquire or merge with, and will explain why Best Buy would be a profitable target. Since Disney operates†¦show more content†¦Best Buy suffers for its lack of variety and people will rather shop at places such as Target and Wal-Mart to find a better deal. Target could benefit from this merger by acquiring Best Buy’s brand presence and experience in selling electronics and appliances. Best Buy currently operates too many stores, and is in a dire need of a stronger presence online and has a dwindling reputation of taking care of its customers. Best Buy would be a profi table target because Target Corporation could remake its electronics sections into Best Buy mini-stores and utilize its strengths in customer service to strengthen these departments. Replacing Best Buy larger stores could be smaller Best Buy locations in smaller towns and more strategic areas with the backing of a strong Target- Best Buy internet presence. Target could also utilize Best Buy’s biggest asset Geek Squad. Geek Squad being available in Target stores to deal with customer issues would be a huge addition for this corporation. They could expand on the Geek Squad brand and offer in-home services for a variety of its products that are sold. The key to making this merger work would be to create a strong retail presence to rival Amazon. They could also offer customers the opportunity to buy items online and if they needed to return an item, they could just bring it back to the store. In successful mergers both companies will have to integrate its corporate structures. They have an advantage in this situation

Negative Influence Of Language On Memory - 1814 Words

Memory is influenced by several factors, such as language, emotion, and attention. The current essay will investigate how the use of language can influence recall for a past event. It will begin with investigating the negative influence of language on memory through the formation of false memories. This will involve exploring the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm, the misinformation effect by Loftus (1975), the fuzzy-trace theory (Reyna Brainerd, 1995) and their implications for eyewitness testimonies. This will be followed by the positive influence language has on memory through the use of true presupposed information and the implications of this for an educational setting. For over 40 years false memories and how they form have been of†¦show more content†¦There was a finding of 60 percent or more of participants falsely recalled the critical lure (window and sleep). However they found large differences in the effectiveness; when the critical lure for a list was ‘king’ the false recall by participants was only 10 percent. Therefore false recall is only induced effectively for certain word lists, this variability is a limitation. Expand. Why there was a difference from list to list. What this means for the theory. The fuzzy-trace theory (Reyna Brainerd, 1995) provides an explanation for the formation of false memories. The fuzzy-trace theory outlines that there are two forms of mental representations stored for a past event, verbatim and gist. Verbatim memories are more detailed, whereas gist memories are less detailed and more of an overview of an event. In the Deese-Roediger-McDermott it is argued that the false memory is due to the use of semantic gist-based memory. This error is adaptive in some everyday situations because remembering the gist of an event is useful, whereas remembering details of every event that occurs could be considered unnecessary and difficult (verbatim memory). Often memory studies involve a list of words or sentences, which is practical because they are simplistic and easily replicable. However many daily memories are complex and fast-moving events so are not simulated through word lists. Therefore it is important to carryShow MoreRelatedNature of Thought859 Words   |  4 PagesThe nature of thought is a process to interpret information gathered by the brain using senses, memories, and language. The process of thinking is influenced by perceptional blocks and personal barriers. Internal and external events in cultural differences along with an individual’s economic status ultimately encourage thoughts whether negative or positive. Irrational and rational thoughts influence decisions. Identifying and recognizing behavior patterns associated with thoughts allows awarenessRead MoreThe Early Years: The Effects of Nurturance During Childhood on Development1589 Words   |  7 Pagesattachment, and bonding. Conversely, issues such as stressful environments and unstable relationships have been shown to have negative consequences on childhood development. The importance of this early childhood nurturance is evident in the story of Michel Oher as described in the movie The Blind Side. Due to his neglectful upbringing, Michael has many academic deficits including language problems as well as having limited social and stress management skills. However, when taken in by the Tuohy family MichaelRead MoreThe Theory Of Intelligence And The Learning Spectrum1629 Words   |  7 Pageswithin the learning spectrum is what is then taken and conceptualized into the notion of intelligence. Matters of intelligence revolve around the expression of how smart an individual is regarded with reflection to matters such as learning various languages, the development of musical knowledge, or formulating simple ways in which a person can get out of a particular given situation (being able to act intelligently when dealing with everyd ay life). The concept of intelligence is something that is highlyRead MoreThe Differences Between Us And Lower Animals896 Words   |  4 PagesLanguage Development Charles Darwin once said that one of the major difference between us and lower animals is our ability to associate sounds and idea by speaking words. This ability to come up with a language and use languages depends on the high development of mental powers. The use of language is considered one of the three pillars of human development alongside affects, and cognition. The ability to link feelings into words is called translation. At around age 2 , the children s abilityRead MoreWhat ´s Eidetic Memory?957 Words   |  4 PagesEidetic Memory Imagine having the ability to take a screenshot of what one sees. It sounds like photographic memory, that superhuman ability one often hears about on Dateline or movies and shows. As much as the idea of saving everything one has ever perceived, storing it away like a file in a cabinet, and recalling it at a moment’s notice sounds amazing, it just isn’t plausible. Despite the stories you may have heard from friends, photographic memory is not real. This misconception is often muddledRead MoreSyntactic Priming1663 Words   |  7 PagesSYNTACTIC PRIMING Introduction Syntactic priming is a phenomenon where the exposure of a sentence with a particular syntactic structure can influence an individual presented the sentence with similar structure subsequently. (Pickering, M.J. amp; Branigan, H.P, 1995). The three components to be identified for syntactic priming are: (1) lexical priming, (2) categorization and (3) syntax. Firstly, lexical priming is dealing with the time in processing a word like manager - is believed to be lesserRead MoreSuggestopedia1214 Words   |  5 Pagesby the Bulgarian psychiatrist-educator Georgi Lozanov. It is a specific set of learner recommendations. Among the subliminal influences the fears of the learners that they will be unable to perform and are limited in terms of their ability to learn is the main issue Suggestopedia deals with. It is believed that due to those fears and some other possible negative effects such as the physical effects of the learning environment, learners’ minds cannot process and retain information at the maximumRead MoreCultural Exposure Affects Second Language Learning700 Words   |  3 PagesCultural Exposure Affects Second Language Learning Socio-cultural factors have an important effect on second language learning. In particular, cultural exposure plays a significant role in the language learning process. Cultural ignorance and prejudice may cause difficulties for language learners and the degree of exposure also determines how fast a second language learner can acquire a new language. In this mini research essay, I will first examine how people from China and Middle Eastern willRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Our Brain968 Words   |  4 Pageschance to solve it on my own. Therefore, I never really know whether the internet is really necessary to complete the assignments. Depending on how we make use of the technology, it has a positive and negative effects on our brain and our attention. In particular, the technology has more of negative effects than positive on students because of the tremendous resources that are available anytime at no cost. The technology has positive effects on our brains by providing the latest and sufficientRead MoreThe Interactions between Short-Term Memory and Long-Term Memory: What is the Messaging Protocol?1500 Words   |  6 PagesInteractions between Short-Term Memory and Long-Term Memory: What is the Messaging Protocol? 1. Introduction Computers store data in memory, and simulate human memory when they achieve this. It might be easy to predict the mechanism of how computer memory works, but the function of human memory is much more sophisticated. Basically, the role of memory is to retain information, store them and retrieve when it is necessary. According to Bunuel (1984), You have to begin to lose your memory, if only in bits and

The Extraordinary Science Of Addictive Junk Food - 938 Words

In this article, â€Å"The Extraordinary Science Of Addictive Junk Food†, written by Michael Moss there are several sources used to try and prove that the junk foods that we consume on a daily basis aren’t healthy for us and have become addictive. Moss tackles the argument in a way of using rhetorical devices and figurative language to get his audience, which would be the consumers, to understand that the big companies that we’re giving our money to don’t care about our health, just whether or not we’re still eating their products. Moss’ association when dealing with diet and nutrition is his prime topic. According to the New York Times, Moss is the author of the Pulitzer Prize winning book Salt, Sugar, Fat and also a Pulitzer-Prize winner investigative reporter. When I read this article Moss really had me drawn in because of his credibility. Moss’ tone in this article is more informal than a bashing sense.â€Å"As he spoke, Mudd clicked through a deck of slides--114 in all--projected on a large screen behind him†¦ More than half of american adults were considered overweight, with nearly one-quarter of the adult population--40 million people clinically defined as obese.† (Moss 473). Not only is Moss telling us what James Behnke told the C.E.O.’s of the pillsbury company, but he’s also trying to get us to see this as logical facts. Most of this article is based on conversations and previous events that have already happened, so Moss isn t talking directly to his audience. He’sShow MoreRelatedThe Extraordinary Science Of Addictive Junk Food Essay914 Words   |  4 PagesFood is an essential part of our life, to stay alive. Food is necessary for our bodies to develop, replace, and repair cells and tissues; produce energy to keep warm, move, and work; carry out chemical processes s uch as digestion of food; and protect against resist, fight infection, and recover from sickness. Food is made up of nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, protein, and fat. The body cannot function properly if one or more of the nutrients are missing. It has been common todayRead MoreThe Extraordinary Science Of Addictive Junk Food1248 Words   |  5 Pagestoday is childhood obesity. A child is considered obese if that child is above the normal weight for their age and height. Childhood obesity is a â€Å"national epidemic† problem in America that needs major attention. In the article,†The Extraordinary Science of Addictive Junk Food,† by Michael Moss he acknowledges that â€Å"Among children, the rates had more than doubled since 1980, and the number of kids considered obese had shot past 12 million†(473). Moss’s point is that the rates of childhood obesity hasRead MoreThe Extraordinary Science Of Addictive Junk Food1743 Words   |à ‚  7 PagesIn the article â€Å"The Extraordinary Science of Addictive Junk Food†, the writer Michael Moss mentioned that growing weight problem happened in America has become a major health crisis issue. While people are talking about obesity, they care more about how much sugar, salt and fat they consume during a day, which kind of processed food does harm to their body. It seems that food companies have an inalienable relationship with consumers’ health conditions, because they provide us with what we eat. TheseRead MoreReview Of The Extraordinary Science Of Addictive Junk Food1853 Words   |  8 Pagesa defence mechanism that leads to either the destruction of our surroundings or new concepts in ways to make the situation better. In Michael Moss’s The Extraordinary Science of Addictive Junk Food, he reports on the growing obesity epidemic in the United States as a result of food manufacturers â€Å"conscious effort†¦ to get people hooked on foods tha t are convenient and inexpensive† (Moss 262). Whereas, in An Elephant Crackup?, by Charles Siebert, we assimilate the fact that â€Å"elephant behavior isRead MoreMega Marketing : The Extraordinary Science Of Addictive Junk Food1679 Words   |  7 Pagesfactors. Some of these factors may include media, social groups, and pressure groups as well. In Michael Moss’s â€Å"The Extraordinary Science of Addictive Junk Food†, Moss examines the science behind food industry corporations and how scientist study which design and taste addict their consumers, correlating the effects towards the obesity epidemic. Moss proves that mega-marketing is a science that aims at the buyers psychology, making their taste buds crave the product, and their sense of sight attractedRead MoreThe Global Obesity Epidemic Of Michael Moss s The Extraordinary Science Of Addictive Junk Food1492 Words   |  6 Pagesor consumers are responsible for unhealthy body conditions. Michael Moss’s The Extraordinary Science of Addictive Junk Food depicts his beliefs on how the food industry holds the blame for the downfall of people’s overall health. Readers are introduced to the corporation minds behind the food industry and the marketing strategies behind their â€Å"addictive† snacks. Moss’s writing makes it harder for corporations of food industries to hide secrets among some of the top selling products that may notRead MoreShould Junk Food Be Banned in Schools1647 Words   |  7 Pages06 4 May 2013 Should Junk Food Be Banned in schools? My aunt, who has been in New York City for more than 20 years, told me that in the past, she always made her two sons’ lunches to take to school during school years which was more nutritive and less expensive. Her sons at that time were energetic and played outside a lot. But soon after, they did not bring their own lunches anymore. They asked for money from my aunt to purchase food in school canteens. Possibly my aunt thoughtRead MoreDocumentary: Food Inc Essay1286 Words   |  6 PagesEveryone has the right to know whats in the food that they are eating. Its upsetting how these massive corporations dominate American citizens. If everyone knew how much brutality was required to meet the demands of the fast food industry, I like to think the public would simply not tolerate it and demand that animals stop being designated property in law. I find it impossible to believe that if people knew the reality that they would not want animals to have recourse to legal protections f romRead MoreThe Power Of Context By Malcolm Gladwell1579 Words   |  7 Pagesharmful to their dignities. Similarly, Michael Moss, the author of â€Å"The Extraordinary Science of Additive Junk Food†, talks about the extraordinary science behind tastes and junk food addictions, and how multinational food companies struggle to maintain their stomach shares in the face of mounting evidence that their foods are driving the health crisis, while the public knows this fact and still willing to buy the junk food. Therefore, according to three articles, the cognitive associations andRead MoreFood Safety Essay1109 Words   |  5 PagesPolicy and Solution 1. The problem with todays society is that there are two things that are required for human beings to live: food and water. When you think of it, just think of how unsettling is it that our main source of life is also our main source of sickness in countless people. Unfortunately our food consumption is causing significant problems in a lot of different ways. In the Untied States, according to the New York Times, â€Å"one in three adults are considered clinically obese, along

The American Dream Is A Good Education - 1100 Words

The American Dream is the belief that working hard will bring success, prosperity and happiness. More specifically this means, having a job that you love doing, a family to come home, and the finances to provide for them. The American Dream may vary from person to person, but Wealth and happiness is universal. The American dream is real, it is attainable in today’s society with the proper preparation. The preparation needed to begin the process of achieving the American dream is through a good education. Going to a good College/University is the first step. There are lots of examples of well educated people individuals achieving significant success and wealth in their lives. It is possible to achieve the American Dream without a proper education, but the odds of that happening are quite low. However, some people beat the odds and achieve the American Dream without finishing their education, Some examples are: Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple, Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft, L ebron James, NBA player, and Richard Branson, founder of many companies such as; Virgin Atlantic Airways, Virgin Records, Virgin Mobile, and other Virgin companies. Steve Jobs finished high school at Homestead high school and attended Reed College for 6 months. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak started Apple from the Job’s family garage, their first computer the Apple 1 didn’t sell very well, but they later designed the apple 2 which sold very well. Steve jobs was pushed out of Apple, but he created hisShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream996 Words   |  4 PagesMy definition of American Dream If we ask most Americans what is the American Dream? the common answers are to become successful, rich, owning houses, cars and etc. In other countries, many people see America as a land of opportunities for a better life and that is the reason why they come here. Every individual who come to America have their goals or dreams that they want to fulfill in life that they can not fulfill in their own country. In another word, their American dream are to have betterRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Outsiders1661 Words   |  7 PagesThe Outsiders Literary Analysis Is the American Dream fact ? Or Fiction ? In the novel The Outsiders, the author S.E Hinton explains the story of a young boy named Ponyboy and the struggle to survive, to find out the rights and wrongs in society, taking on difficult challenges like social class, loved ones, loyalty and rivalry between two different social classes . The question is brought up, is the American Dream fact ? Or fiction ? According to the knowledge that has been given, Through documentariesRead MoreThe American Dream1498 Words   |  6 PagesStates of America, they are specifically called American Dream. The American Dream is an American’s inspiration to work hard and to continue moving forward in life through all the challenges and obstacles. Majority of the people’s purpose in life is these dreams, but unfortunately not everyone is capable of making their dream a reality. Although some people succeed, some people fail. Every person living in America has a chance to make their dreams come true, but I strongly believe that people thatRead MoreMoney And Success : The Myth Of Individual Opportunity By Gary Colombo Essay1661 Words   |  7 Pagesstruggle to get their dream job and live an American dream but due to the fact that everyone is applying to the exact same job they cannot accomplish the dream they have always dreamt of. This means that there is plenty of competition between people chasing the same dream. In â€Å"Money and Success: The Myth of Individual Opportunity† Gary Colombo discusses how many people live in the myth of an American dream. People assume the American Dream will make them happy by having the dream job and being likeRead MoreWhat Makes A Good Education?896 Words   |  4 Pagesto yo ur mind when you hear the word American Dream?. American dream can be achieve if you work hard and don’t give up when things gets in your way. Many people come to America to achieve their American dream. People want to achieve their American dream because they want to live a good life for them and their family’s. You hear many people say come to America and your dreams will come true and you believe it. Did that person also tell you that achieving the dream is difficult and that there will beRead MoreThe Success Of The American Dream942 Words   |  4 PagesThe term â€Å"American Dream† is considered as an ideal term and has many interpretations. But basically â€Å"American Dream† is defined as the life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness of the people living in America. Lots of people immigrate to America in search of â€Å"American Dream†. They come in America to fulfil their â€Å"American Dream† which is composed of freedom, securit y and most importantly, opportunities. America is considered as the land of opportunities and the large availability of the opportunitiesRead MoreThe American Dream931 Words   |  4 Pagesand universal public education to create a collective democratic society of individuals, prepare them to participate as citizens of the democracy and provide students with the tools and knowledge to achieve the American Dream. The American Dream is an ideology that if you get an education, work hard and are a good citizen, you will succeed in life. However, with systemic inequity in our education system, specifically disparity in quality of education, the opportunity for education, achievement gapsRead MoreThe American Dream By Lorraine Hansberry1570 Words   |  7 Pageshaving a family, owning a car, ability to receive an education, and having freedom and equality. Is this American Dream really attainable for everyone? Some groups of American citizens seem less likely to ever achieve this dream even if they work hard. Society and their circumstances are against them either because of their race, gender or class. Women, minorities, immigrants and the poor are left out of the American Dream. They may strive for the dream, sometimes even for a number of generations, butRead MoreThe American Dream847 Words   |  4 PagesMany people are trying to achieve the American dream and want to live a decent life which is why they try to complete their education first by getting their degree which will lead them to a job. Since the competition for higher education has been on the rise the stakes are higher which make people take questionable actions. Many people overwork themselves in hopes for a better lifestyle. The American Dream is achieved by hard work and dedication to become successful. Sometimes success gets into peoplesRead MoreThe American Dream1320 Words   |  6 PagesComposition 1 7 December 2017 American Dream Essay For the past few decades, the American Dream has been the acquisition of material objects, a perfect family, house in the suburbs with a white picket fence, and a secure job that brought financial security. This pursuit began after World War II, when the United States became the â€Å"land of opportunity† and for many people this â€Å"dream† became reality. However, as the United States economy grew tremendously, the American Dream transformed into greed and

The Good, Bad and Ugly of Fracking free essay sample

There is a gold rush going on right now. Man is breaking the earth, looking for natural gas. It’s a mad scene, with hucksters on every side of the issue. There is a lot going on underground and that process is called Fracking. The word alone can stir up controversy. The process of extracting natural gas through hydraulic fracturing or â€Å"fracking,† might summon in someone’s imagination an environment and damaged communities. Natural gas hides from sight it is invisible. Perhaps envisioned a prettier picture—one that involves clean-burning fuel, job growth and affordable energy. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) states that fracking â€Å"is the process of injecting large volumes of water, sand and chemicals into the ground at high pressure to break up shale formation allowing more efficient recovery of oil and gas† (Walter). This practice has grown rapidly over the course of the last decade thanks to improved technologies, but it also has fostered debates concerning its environmental, health and safety impact along the way. The process of hydraulic fracturing – shooting water, sand, and chemicals at high pressure into underground wells to release natural gas – is a divisive issue. Some say it dumps chemicals into ground water supplies; others argue it causes earthquakes, and still others think it can revolutionize America’s energy industry. Environmentalists argue that fracking contaminates ground and surface water – a charge the gas companies deny. Here’s the problem: the fracking process begins with a well drilled deep underground. Horizontal passages are then drilled outward from the bottom of the well. Water, sand and chemicals are pumped at high pressure through the water is insignificant, and it has never been proven that those chemicals rise ground water supplies. On the other hand, environmentalists say the downward drilling process, if done poorly, releases chemicals into both ground and surface water. Both arguments are strong, which is why no one can agree whether fracking is a good or bad thing. The science is not settled; arguments are hurled back and forth by both gas companies and environmentalists. On the earthquake issue, seismologists say it is possible fracking can cause small earthquakes. The British Geological Survey researched the Blackpool earthquakes, and the conclusion was reasonable. However, they did come back and say, â€Å"the chances of getting a very large earthquake are insignificant† (Walter). Meanwhile, a contaminated water supply is a hotly-debated issue: there have been cases where fracking has polluted water supplies as a result of poor oversight and procedures, but it does seem that if done correctly, fracking is not nearly as environmentally disruptive as traditional oil and gas extraction. One thing that is settled are the benefits homegrown natural gas adds to the US energy industry. As chemist and author rich Trzupek wrote recently: â€Å"America has become, in the eyes of energy professions, the Saudi Arabia of natural gas thanks to shale gas. The doe estimates that shale gas reserves alone are 750 trillion cubic feet. (McGraw). Combines with other domestic sources of natural gas, the United States has enough natural gas to last for over a century, and the numbers continue to climb. In areas where shale gas drilling is happening, the good times are rolling. Not only are people making money from the energy sales, jobs are created down the line, from the companies who support drilling operations down to the service industries that provide workers with food and shelter† (McGraw). According to Carlton Carroll, American Petroleum Institute (API) the oil and natural gas industry’s number one priority is safety. It is very important to maintain a perfect safety record but even one incident is way too many. In a December 2012 press release, API called the extraction from natural gas from shale â€Å"the most important domestic energy development in the last fifty years†¦poised to reshape American manufacturing. † And Chevron’s web site touts the practice for â€Å"providing the United States with reliable, affordable, cleaner and responsibly produced energy† (Walter). Developing these natural gas resources can help enhance the country’s energy security, strengthen local and state economies, and fuel job growth. Many Americans, oppose any kind of pollution. However, here are reasons to support fracking: 1. It can lead to our nation becoming energy independent 2. It will provide an enormous boost to our state and local economies 3. It has already driven down natural gas prices to the point where utilities are replacing dirty coal-fired power plants with cleaner natural gas-burning plans and increasingly vehicles are burning natural gas instead of dirtier gasoline 4. It will provide many well-paying jobs to geologists, well drillers, office workers, truck drivers, construction workers, and many more. So what is the snag—and how serious is it? Communities where fracking has taken place, notably in Ohio and Pennsylvania, protest the noise and scarring of the landscaping during the initial explorations. Restoration and compensation can better those concerns. The most significant fear is that the wastewater with chemicals from the fracking process, called, flowback, can contaminate the aquifers and drinking water. State regulators in Alaska, Colorado, Indiana, Louisiana, Michigan, Oklahoma, Pennslvania, South Dakota, Texas and Wyoming have stated that there have been no verified or documented cases of groundwater contamination as a result of hydraulic fracking (Zuckerman). The process uses about 99 percent water and sand, the rest being a solution of a few chemicals (Zuckerman). Most drilling experts have asserted that it is highly improbable that fracking liquids will contaminate drinking water. Fortunately, no cases exist in which the fracking process itself has caused drilling liquids to contaminate drinking water. The issue then is whether the flowback hazard can remain at acceptable levels. The real risk of water contamination comes from these flowback fluids leaking into streams or seeping down into groundwater after reaching the surface. This can be caused by leaky wellheads, holding tanks or blowouts. Wellheads are made sufficiently safe to prevent this eventuality; holding tanks can be made secure; and blowouts, while problematic, are like all accidents caused by human error. The energy industry has long stressed that fracking and water contamination has never been definitibely linked.

Agenda Setting Essay Example For Students

Agenda Setting Essay The 2000 Presidential Elections are upon us and who do we turn to for information regarding the candidates? What issues will be the hot topics for the election race? For that matter, what will be the hot topics in the media for next week? Just as this paper must be structured, organized, and center around a main idea, so must all information presented to an audience. Information can only be easily processed if it contains some kind of structure. This includes the information that is provided by the media. The media have to structure their ideas and stories on a daily, weekly, and even monthly basis. This process is known as agenda setting. Television, radio, and print medias all use agenda setting, but what about a new media, such as the Internet? Lets begin by understanding agenda setting and its place in mass media theory. The early ideas of agenda setting have been around for decades. Lippmann made reference to the first ideas of agenda setting in his book Public Opinion. He spoke about how the information of the world is much too vast to comprehend without simplifying it (Baran 299). This can be interpreted as receivers of information need to have a structured, well-defined scheme of information. This structured, well-defined scheme of information causes the media to pick and choose information that it feels is relevant to the audience. This is where agenda setting presents itself. Agenda setting is the idea that the media choose topics that it thinks are important and focuses its broadcasts around this topic. McCombs and Shaw fully developed the theory of agenda setting in respect to public agenda in a study in the early 1970s. Their cross-sectional study involved the effects of media agenda setting on public opinion. They revealed that there were indeed correlations between the two, which backed the ideas of Cohen (Brosius 5). They derived that, the basic agenda-setting hypothesis asserts that the issues and information presented on the media agenda becom e over time the issues and information on the public agenda (Leckenby).This brings us to the two factors that influence an audience when presenting information through a media: the vividness of presentation and the position of a story (Baran 302). These factors, along with others, induce the audience to feel as if a particular story has important issues within the story. The relative importance of these issues is defined as salience (Leckenby). The salience of an issue determines to what degree of importance the audience and the media place on a particular story. The salience of a story in agenda setting determines the salience of the issues within the public agenda (Leckenby). The vividness of presentation is one way to raise the level of salience of an issue. A story that is presented with graphic detail can cause the public perception of the issue involved to greatly increase. If a story is sensationalized by the media, the audience will unconsciously attach themselves to that pa rticular topic. A story that shows graphic details and pictures of the events of that story cause people to feel as if they were a part of that event. For example, pictures of the crash of Flight 800 stick in the audiences mind. This leads the audience to believe that the crash of Flight 800 is an essential story that we must learn more about. The problem with this is that the audience sometimes focuses too heavily on the story to see the issue at hand. This can negatively affect the medias agenda setting power because the story is too detailed for the audience to see the issue behind the story (Baran 302).The position of a story also affects the salience of an issue. If an article on gun violence in schools is on the front page of The Washington Post, the audience perceives that particular story as having great importance within the scheme of current news topics. Since the audience deems the cover story as more newsworthy than the missing cat on page 12, the audience will believe t hat gun violence in schools is a crucial, contemporary issue. This causes the public to set gun violence in schools as a current public agenda (Baran 302).The theory of agenda setting has its positives and negatives. The theory itself is relevant to the way our society perceives critical social issues. Every time there is an airplane crash, the media jump to reveal the story. They describe all of the details surrounding the crash. The focus might be on that one particular airplane crash, but the media associate other airplane crashes with the one they are already focusing on. This causes the majority of the newscast to be devoted to airplane crashes. This particular agenda that the media has set has now become the main concern for the public. The public literally feels as though there is an epidemic of plane crashes. However, there are also negative aspects to the agenda-setting theory. Critics dissent that the theory is too situational specific. It seems to only be rooted in news a nd political campaigns (Baran 303). I disagree. I feel that agenda setting is relevant in all forms of mass media to a certain degree. In radio, although it is not relevant in setting certain tastes in music format, it does set standards for what the public deem as popular. When a radio station plays a certain song, it is very well received by the listener. In conclusion, this can be thought of as a form of agenda setting because the radio station is setting public opinion through their choice of music. The one problem that I see with agenda-setting theory is the problem of the chicken and the egg. Which comes first. Do the media set agendas that the public incorporate into their scheme of public agenda or do the public establish their own agenda only to have the media reinforce their beliefs through agenda setting? An example of this would be when the media report an event and the public begins to want more. In turn, the media begin to agenda-set according to the publics interest i n this issue. To clarify, in Spotsylvania last year, there were three abductions and homicides of teenage girls. The publics local interest in this matter precluded the local news to agenda-set on this hot topic issue. This was clearly a case of the publics agenda influencing the medias.This problem is addressed with the agenda building theory. The agenda building theory is a circular process combining the media, the government, and the public. It defines that there is not only one institution that stimulates public agenda, but that it is a collective effort of all three. Another example of this would be when the NAACP imposed a ban on the tourist industry because of the display of the Confederate Flag over the South Carolina Capitol Building. The NAACP initiated the focus on the Confederate Flag and then the media incorporated this issue in its agenda setting. .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853 , .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853 .postImageUrl , .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853 , .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853:hover , .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853:visited , .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853:active { border:0!important; } .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853:active , .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853 .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Maturity Levels In Characters Essay Agenda setting is evident in a variety of media. But what about the newest media, the Internet? As the Internet becomes an ever-present media, it becomes a new test for the agenda setting theory. The Internet is a vast source of information. It, like any other media, contains both factual and embellished information. It is much more immediate than other medias; however, it is only available to approximately twenty percent of the public within Canada and the United States (Weise 162). The Internet contains information at the drop of a dime. At any particular time, one can attain countless information on practically any issue. However, as with any media, there is a section of false, misleading information. This as can be found with any media, there are valid and misleading sources. The valid sources are easily identifiable, such as sites like USA Today, NBC, and a host of others. This problem with valid sources stems from the Internets ability to allow anyone and everyone to post infor mation. I could post information about the Monica Lewinsky Scandal proposing that she also had an affair with Hillary. So, as you see, it is fairly easy to receive false information. The way to combat this is to, like any other media, check your sources. The big positive of the Internet is its ability to provide immediate information. The Dallas Morning News posted an interview with Oklahoma City bombing suspect Timothy McVeigh on the web prior to publishing it in print nearly seven hours later (Weise 160). Now, instead of journalists running to the phones to report on an issue, they run to their laptops. The coorelation between agenda setting and the Internet parallels that of other media. Just as television spawned the invention of agenda setting theory, the Internet will help to give theorists another venue to test their hypotheses. The conclusion I draw from being an avid user of the Internet is that it poses little difference to the conclusions drawn from other media regarding the subject of agenda setting. I think that is what makes the theory so strong. It can substitute any media and still come up with the same conclusions. This is evident in the browser companies such as AOL. AOL uses a system similar to that of print media to portray important stories. The opening screen of AOL contains the top stories that they deem as hot topics. focusing on agenda setting within the media of television. TelevisionThe media is an institution that works through the circular process. We tell it what is important to us, and it tells us what we should deem as important. The media is an institution, run by the people for the people, that keep us informed. It brings us stories from distant places and reveals to us what we can not personally witness. The all powerful media is a huge part of our lives. With all of this in mind, we must consider the process of agenda setting. A process which is used unrelentlessly on television. Bibliography:Works CitedBaran, Stanley J. and Dennis K. Davis. Mass Communication Theory. California: Wadsworth Publishing, 2000. Brosius, Hans-Bernd and Hans Mathias Kepplinger. Linear and Nonlinear Models of Agenda-Setting in Television. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 36 (1992): 5-24. Cook, Fay Lomax et al. Media and Agenda Setting. The Public Opinion Quarterly 47 (Spring 1983): 16-35. Leckenby, John. Agenda Setting Theory. Internet. 10 Nov. 1999 Weise, Elizabeth. Does the Internet Change News Reporting? Not Quite. Media Studies Journal 11 (1997): 159-163.

Eleanor Of Aquitaine Essay Research Paper Eleanor free essay sample

Eleanor Of Aquitaine Essay, Research Paper Eleanor of Aquitaine ( 1122-1204 ) Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine was an intelligent and emancipated adult female life in the dark in-between ages. Although it is a conventional regulation that all ladies of high rank should be described as beautiful, all beginnings agree that Eleanor of Aquitaine truly was beautiful. In add-on, she was the richest inheritress of France and became in turn Queen of France and England. Eleanor was a granddaughter of William IX of Aquitaine ( 1070-1127 ) , who was one of the first and most celebrated folk singers. He was a cheerful adult male and an fervent lover of adult females, who joined the First Crusade. Later he # 8220 ; abducted # 8221 ; the married woman of the viscount of Ch tellerault, Dangereuse, and although he could non get married her, Dangereuse managed to hold her girl Aenor married to his eldest boy William X ( 1099-1137 ) in 1121. They had two girls, Eleanor and Petronilla, and a boy, William Aigret. We will write a custom essay sample on Eleanor Of Aquitaine Essay Research Paper Eleanor or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Eleanor resembled both William IX and Dangereuse ; she possessed the same intelligence, merriment, restlessness and will power. The tribunal of William IX was the Centre of western European civilization: the ducal household was entertained by folk singers, narrators and folk singers. Unlike most of her coevalss, male and particularly female, Eleanor was carefully educated and she was an first-class pupil. Eleanor # 8217 ; s happy childhood ended with the subsequent deceases of her female parent, her small brother and # 8211 ; in 1137 # 8211 ; her male parent. The orphaned Eleanor was the richest inheritress in France therefore a matrimony was arranged for her to its King, Louis VII ( 1121-1180 ) . Louis had been brought up for an office in the church, but he had become inheritor to the Gallic throne after the decease of his senior brother. He was a weak, dull, sedate and pious adult male and he and the lively Eleanor were badly matched. Louis neer understood his immature married woman, but he appears to hold adored her with a passionate esteem. It wasn # 8217 ; t until 1145 that a girl, Marie, was born. Meanwhile, Eleanor was eager to regulate her ain dukedom, since she knew the troublesome Aquitainians better than anyone. However, Louis # 8217 ; council member, the Abbot Sugar, resented her influence in governmental affairs. When Louis went on the Second Crusade to Palestine, Eleanor raised a company of adult females to fall in her and therefore she accompanied her hubby to the Holy Land. In Antioch Eleanor was heartily received by her uncle Raymond, who reminded her of her happy childhood in Poitiers. Eleanor and Raymond were of the sentiment that Jerusalem could best be secured by driving back the Turks in the North, but Louis VII rejected the program and a wrangle followed. Softly Louis began readyings for his going and after dark Eleanor was forcibly conducted from Antioch. Soon the campaign became a complete failure and even Louis # 8217 ; brother Robert rapidly rushed place. On their manner back to France, Louis and Eleanor visited the Catholic Pope to plead for a divorce. Alternatively, the Catholic Pope tried to accommodate them and induced them to kip in the same bed once more. Back in France their matrimony was worse than of all time and Eleanor was horrified to gain that she was pregnant. After the birth of a 2nd girl in 1150 and the decease of Louis # 8217 ; main curate, Eleanor was no longer the lone 1 who wanted a divorce. She eventually got it in 1152. She was still the richest inheritress of France an vitamin D on her manner from Paris to Poitiers she had to overreach two manque seducers. By so Eleanor had fallen in love with Duke Henry Plantagenet of Normandy ( 1133-1189 ) , who was her junior by 11 old ages. Their matrimony, hardly 8 hebdomads after her divorce, made Henry maestro of most of today’s France. With Eleanor’s support Henry became King of England excessively in 1154. Although Eleanor # 8217 ; s first matrimony had resulted in merely two girls born in 15 twelvemonth, Eleanor bore Henry five boies and three girls. As the kids grew up and Henry openly took kept womans, the twosome grew apart. Eleanor was 44 old ages old, when she gave birth to their youngest boy, John Lackland. By so she had discovered the being of Rosamund Clifford, the most celebrated of Henry # 8217 ; s kept womans. Later Henry arranged a bride-to-be for his homosexual boy Richard Lionheart. She was a girl of Louis VII and his 2nd married woman. While she was educated at the English tribunal, her bride-to-be ignored her and his male parent, Henry, seduced her. In 1169 Henry sent Eleanor to Aquitaine to reconstruct order as its duchess. Once more the ducal castle at Poitiers became the Centre of all that was civilised and refined. Troubadours, instrumentalists and bookmans were welcomed at Poitiers. There, in 1170 Eleanor reconciled with her first born girl Marie of France, countess of Champagne. Marie # 8217 ; s prot g, Chr tien de Troyes, composed, at Marie # 8217 ; s suggestion, the love affair of Lancelot and Queen Guinevere. In add-on, Marie had a # 8220 ; codification of love # 8221 ; written down in 31 articles. They described feminist thoughts far beyond the twelfth century cult of gallantry. In add-on, Eleanor sponsored the # 8220 ; tribunals of love # 8221 ; in which work forces holding jobs with the codification of love could convey their inquiries before a court of ladies for opinion. At Christmas 1172 Henry summoned his married woman and boies to his tribunal. When in 1173 their boies revolted against their male parent, E leanor backed them and was later imprisoned by Henry until his decease in 1189. By so three of their boies had already died and Henry # 8217 ; s replacement was Eleanor # 8217 ; s favorite boy, Richard I Lionheart ( 1157-1199 ) , who appreciated his female parent # 8217 ; s advice. When he went on campaign, Eleanor became regent. Although Richard was a homosexual, he was supposed to supply England with inheritors, so Eleanor escorted his bride-to-be to Sicily. When Richard was killed in 1199, he was succeeded by his youngest brother, John Lackland ( 1166-1216 ) . Eleanor returned to Aquitaine and retired in the abbey of Fontevraud. She remained busy and active and personally arranged a the matrimony of her Castilian granddaughter to the grandson of Louis VII. Thus she lived to be approximately 82, an extraordinary age in the in-between ages. Bibliography + Hallam, E. ( ed. ) : The Plantagenet Encyclopedia ( An alphabetical usher to 400 old ages of English history ) , Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1990 + Kelly, A. : Eleanor of Aquitaine ( and the four Kings ) , Harvard University Press, 1951 + Lofts, N. : Queens of Britain, Hodder and Stoughton, 1977 + Meade, M. : Eleanor of Aquitaine ( A life ) , Penguin Books, 1977 + Owen, D.D.R. : Eleanor of Aquitaine ( Queen and fable ) , Blackwell, 1993 Novels + Plaidy, J. : Courts of Love, Fontana/Collins, 1989 + Lofts, N. : Eleanor the Queen, Fawcett Crest, 1955

Related literature and studies about retention policy free essay sample

Studies on the effects of retention follow this design: Researchers identify a group of students who have been retained in a grade. Then they find another group, matched in relevant characteristics to the retained group, which had instead been promoted to the next grade. Usually, the groups are matched on achievement test scores so that they wereequally low before the retention or promotion occured. Then, the achievement test scores of the two group are compared at the end of the following year or at the end of the next grade. Two meta-analyses have been conducted, one on the studiesup to 1989and the other on studies conducted between 1990 and 1999. In the first meta-analyses, Holmes found out that the overall difference in mean achievement across 63 studies was- 31. This means that, one or two years later, the group that have been eligible to be retainedbut was instead promoted had a better level of average achievement than the peer group which had been retained. We will write a custom essay sample on Related literature and studies about retention policy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 54 of the 63 studies favored the promoted group. Such a one-sided division of studiesis rarely observed in education research. In the second meta-analyses, Jimerson integrated 18 studies of the effects of the retention conducted between 1990-1999. Only about 10% of the studies favored the retained group. The overall effect size was- 39. This means roughly that after the retention or promotion the retained group members were about three school months behind their initially comparable peers. Any early advantage that had been observed for the retained group disappeared overtime. *Alexander, K. , Entwisle, D. , Kabbani, N. (1999). Grade retention, social promotion, and â€Å"third way† alternatives. Paper presented at the National Invitational Conference hosted by the Laboratory for Student Success at Temple University for Research in Human Development and Education. Alexandria, Virginia (November 29–December 1). Foreign Literature Amidst an era emphasizing educational standards and accountability, and politicians calling for an end to social promotion, the practice of grade retention has become increasingly popular. Consistent with the political zeitgeist across the country, the California Legislature has recently approved bills directing educational professionals to establish promotion performance standards. These actions have revived many debates regarding the relative merits and limitations of grade retention and social promotion. Given the abundance of research examining the efficacy of grade retention as well as alternative prevention and intervention strategies, education professionals are encouraged to make informed decisions. School psychologists are in a unique position to play an important role in encouraging educational professionals to use interventions with demonstrated effectiveness. This synthesis of grade retention research provides a review of: (a) research examining the effects of grade retention on academic achievement, (b) research examining the effects of grade retention on socioemotional adjustment, (c) research exploring long-term outcomes associated with grade retention, (d) a conceptual framework to facilitate interpretation of the research, and (e) ideas to move forward in identifying and implementing effective alternatives to grade retention. School psychologists and other educational professionals are encouraged to incorporate the research literature when advocating for appropriate prevention and intervention services on behalf of students. *A Synthesis of Grade Retention Research: Looking Backward and Moving Forward Shane R. Jimerson Foreign Literature Grade retention is the practice of keeping low-achieving students at the same grade level for an additional year to provide them with extra time to catch up, as opposed to social promotion, the practice of promoting students regardless of whether they have mastered the grade content. As part of an increasing emphasis on standards and accountability, many districts now use standardized test scores as one of the main criteria for grade retention. However, studies have shown that students do not appear to benefit from being retained and, indeed, that retention may increase their risk of dropping out of school. In 2003–2004, the New York City Department of Education (NYCDOE) implemented a new promotion policy for 3rd-grade students, which was later extended to 5th, 7th, and 8th graders. NYCDOE asked RAND to conduct an independent longitudinal evaluation to provide evidence of the programs impact on 5th graders. This report, one of in a series documenting the results of the study (conducted between March 2006 and August 2009) identifies and reviews 91 studies that examine the effect of grade retention on a variety of student academic and socioemotional outcomes. *A Literature Review of the Effects of Retention on Students Academic and Nonacademic Outcomes by Nailing Xia, Sheila Nataraj Kirby